zaterdag 10 augustus 2013

THE WHITENING OF THE   EUROPEAN CIVILISATIONS


 

Sources of the Blue Blood is Black Blood theory (1100-1848);

 
                                                          

 

 
alexander The Great as seen by Apelles: swarthy.


 
Swarthy

 
Perhaps Alexander the Great as a hunter

 
Alexander and his lover Hephaestion
 

 
His wedding at Susa
 

 


 
Lorenzo de Medici

 
Queen Anne of Denmark, Queen of James I Stuart of Britain.
Costume design for 'The Masque of Blackness.'

 
Robert Browning, husband of Elizabeth Barrett Browning

 
General Dummouriez


 
Goethe

 
Poet Jan Vos

 
Johan de Witt, Raadspensionaris, premier of The Netherlands

 
Karl 'Mohr' Marx

 
Maurice of Saxony, the father-in-law of Wiliam I of Orange (1533-1584)

 
Ludwig van Beethoven

 
Pushkin as a child of 14 years, already recognized as a great talent by the Russian state.

 
Madame de Staël-Holstein
 
 
This type of image seems to symbolise how the Greek elite saw itself as between the white Scyths and the Black Ethiops. While the Renaissance elite seem to have favoured the image of a profile of a Black King dominating the Profile of a white woman. Like the Drake Jewel. But I do not see the Greek and Romans being lax towards the white immigrants, inspite the more relaxed sounding stories of relations between black and white.
 
 
A detail of The Drake Jewel showing Black domination and Black Superiority in Renaissance Europe.



Contents:

1
PREFACE

2
INTRODUCTION

3
THE GREEK AND ROMAN CIVILIZATIONS

4
RESTORATIONS

5
ENGRAVINGS

6
CASES

7
CONCLUSIONS

8
LITERATURE

9
APPENDICES

 

 

1
PREFACE

 

Whites do not know their true history and their humble beginnings as mere Barbarians in Europe, and eventually serfs and villains. Even their skins being used to line church doors, make book covers, make clothes and shoe leather for the brown and black complexioned European elite (1100-1848). The elite was the modern noble and bourgeois class from history, and after Emancipation during the Final Revolutions in 1848 the whites painted them out of history, claiming the paint had darkened. Next to altering the paintings there is massive obscurantism deployed to the effect that no rational discourse is possible, even with whites who are trained scientists. So this book is a watershed and a benevolence to the whole world.

 

The purpose of this study is to provide sources for the Blue Blood Is Black Blood  (1100-1848) and to show how they were used. The Blue Blood Theory though can only be found in my own books, as the information is synthesised from separate elements brought together in a new way. The new way has proven a problem and I was astonished not to be able to find a person to go through my scientific work in a scientific way, by examining the sources. I was met with emotional people, who often took recourse to rudeness, anger, insults and personal attack. All the while never addressing the issue that got them so worked up. So there are degrees in ignorance, and the people who oppress us make sure we are also not open to ideas that might liberate us, that might open our eyes. The public now have the advantage of my 8 of research, and my ceaseless efforts to present my astonishing findings in such a clear and simple way was as possible.

 

Everybody with a smattering of historical knowledge can understand the Blue Blood Theory. Yet they should be persons who are dissatisfied with Racism against Blacks and white supremacy. But still must be people who understand cause and effect, and want to look for causes to find solutions. The Blue Blood should be used to deconstruct Racism as it is a liberation ideology, started in 1760 by the bourgeoisie philosophers who invented human races to liberate Europe from noble domination. It took me 3 years to believe my own findings, because I could not understand how such a big thing, the blackness of the European elite, could be hidden. And why should it be me to discover this while others are much better educated or have done research about the historical persons I had started my research with.

 

How does Courtney research Isabelle de Charrière (Belle van Zuylen) and does not know that she was brown of complexion. Even when she states about herself: ‘ She does not have the white hands, she knows this and even jokes about it, but its not a joking matter.’ She wrote a poem about Baron Maasdam: ‘About his brown black color.’ Courtney wrote about James Boswell who wrote that ‘Mrs Maasdam black as chimney’ and Baron Maasdam ‘Her husband chimney sweeper.’ These leads are ignored, and whitened portraits are shown. Yet the portrait of Maria Jacoba van Goor (1687-1737) while her name is mentioned as the grandmother. There was just line of information: ‘We know nothing about Maria Jacoba van Goor then that she was born in 1687 and died 1737.’ And he failed to show her portrait. As if he realised she looked classical African, and wanted to make sure nobody may know. It was the same when I approached the Huygens Museum to ask why the Rembrandt portrait of Maurits Huygens was not displayed next to his parents, siblings in laws and employers. I was told: ‘We know nothing about Maurits Huygens, so we will not show his portrait.’ When I asked this, there were five books out about Maurits Huygens. A careful observer will notice that the whitened portrait of Maurits Huygens shows a mulatto type, with classical African facial traits, just like that portrait of Maria Jacoba van Goor.

 

This gross deception launched my research, and my first study. This book is now very dated, because I was forced to make wrong conclusions based on faulty sources. The illustrations, the quotes and bibliography are good. In general science depends on integrity, and bringing facts to the foreground that others have denied their due because of prejudice and fear. Where there was decided to bury the brownness and blackness of the elite, all science had to conform to this ruling. So science is practiced with some conclusions already put before the actual research has commenced. As a Black person, critical with a postcolonial mindset, I will automatically focus on any reference to colour. Next Maria Jacoba van Goor had actions in the slave trade, her husbands uncle Francois de Vicq was a member of the board of trustees of the Suriname Company of the VOC, De Charrière inherited some of these actions and agonised over them in ‘Trois Femme,’ the famous reconstruction of Slot Zuylen by Daniel Marot was financed with the huge dowry of Van Goor’s only child Helena Jacoba de Vicq. So what strong forces are here at work to prevent intelligent scientists to see clear? I have to deal with these forces as well, but as I was not raised in this feudal Dutch hierarchy, and came very late in life on this revisionist’s scene, I could see these forces at work, as if one watches a bulldozer at work. I cannot help to think that the six hours of torture in a artificially refrigerated police cell I was subjected to on 15 May 2005, on the Hoefkade Police Staion in The Hague, was linked to the publishing of my first book, inspired by Belle van Zuylen in 2004.

 

To my fellow researchers and followers I like to point out that in marketing my research I generated a lot of resistance because I simply identified the European elite as Black. I still believe they are Black, as all blackness comes from Africa, and they freely intermarried. There were families who all showed classical African looks, while in other families only one member might show these facial traits. If we may believe the portraits, anyway. After my study of Jane Austen ‘Was Jane Austen Black?’ I adopted her taxonomy of: ‘light brown or sallow, brown, very brown and black.’ as she spoke of ‘two and three families in a country town’ I assumed she meant 2-3% of the Europeans were brown or black. This conclusion of mine was bourn out when I read that the third estate numbered 97% during the French Revolution. So Austen is almost scientific in her fiction. So for starters I prefer to identify the persons in my research as the brown and black complexioned European elite. And that among this 3% there was a 10% minority who displayed classical African facial traits, a type we call Black today. Unfortunately, ‘Black’ is heaped with all kind of terrible prejudices after 1848; when Racism went haywire, so by saying ‘Black’ the windows shuts and communication ceases.

 

It is really as I had already said about how slaves would keep themselves and each other in slavery, even if the master left for twenty years. So whites I re-established are still very near to their serf and villain roots, and have no concept of freedom. They do not understand other nations who want to be free from colonialism. They are also very much part of a primitive feudal hierarchy where everyone knows his place. It’s already decided where you are, and what you are. The newcomers, the immigrants who arrived later follow behind the whites, which are the only true Dutch. Questioning things, wanting to change things, introducing new research upsets the whole sense of hierarchy and annoys and irritates everybody, because they are already straining to cope, but are sassed by an underling, me, who does not know his place. So the assumption that I’m actually crazy is summarily made. Insanity is a social construct, and today we allow very little space for manoeuvring or dissent, like we are a true totalitarian state. When the western nations criticise totalitarian regimes of mind control, it does not mean they themselves are using mind control. The way the WWII is explained is a dangerous fantasy. They blame the Germans, never speaking about how it was really the Dutch state that organised the Holocaust. So they do not understand when I say that the present discours about/against foreigners sound awfully like what was aid about and against jews before the Holocaust. And we know hos this worked out for Jews, with The Netherlands showing the highest proportion of killings from all West Europeans countries. The usual answer is ‘we don’t know why so many Dutch Jews died’ does not satisfy me.

 

My apprehension has these days increased by the increase in suicides in Holland. There are 31 euthanasia teams running rampant. They also seem to visit persons who have previously signed a document asking for euthanasia if they are demented and bedridden. This practice resulted in a man panicking when the euthanasia broker visited him, thinking the man was going to murder him. The cases of people refusing to be killed has caused a judge to advice that such cases should be put before a judge, as they are used to making difficult decisions. The principle of consent had abandoned by law, so others can decide if a person should be euthanised. This is very much like what the German nazis did from 1933-1945. there is today a who euthanasia religion taking shape in Holland and a good Dutch advocates euthanasia. This is done for austerity reasons, as we were prepared for a long time with media items how much the care of the elderly and bedridden costs society. A person should only enjoy his state pension for five years after he reached 65, so as not to be a burden on society.

 

The astonishing and disgusting fact that there was an European trade in human leather till the first half of the nineteenth century was gleaned from the web when I looked for flaying. Next I found that the French King was presented with a pair of slippers made of human leather on the eve of the French Revolution and this clinched in my mind the idea that such a gift was highly symbolic for how the third estate was regarded. Together with the satirical remarks by Jonathan Swift that the children of the poor could be used to make gloves and shoes for fine ladies and gentlemen; the idea of whites kept as shoe leather cattle came to life. Life flaying, also satirised by Swift and depicted in many ways, was also a type of punishment and method of execution. Next to disembowelling and throwing the still attached intestines in the fire. We know about the phrase cruel and unusual punishments, and the historical Declaration of The Rights of Man.

 

These facts viewed together gave me the impression that the third estate, the whites were not even considered human. A Pakistani friend presented me with verbal information about the Indian cast system that in his view will never end as it is connected with the Hindu religion. The untouchable men are forbidden to even look at higher casts women, but the higher cast men can have sexual relations with casteless women, although its considered a ritual pollution. This made me appreciate the uniqueness of the French Revolution. And why their freedom was so dear to whites, why they respond the way they do against Blacks. It was clear to me that history continued, and they are still keeping a struggle going by maintaining the whitened portraits, and keeping Blacks ignorant of this fact, and keep Blacks out. I had earlier stated that Blacks are kept out of positions of authority and positions of power: which is the purpose of racism against Blacks. Racism to me became more than a question of whites being nasty to Blacks, but whites believing they were maintaining their freedom. So Racism came to be regarded to me as a liberation ideology, an religion like invention. Because not only did the whites need to be weaned away from the devotion they felt for their brown and black oppressors, but also to prevent them from giving Blacks positions and power over them.

 

This was also the purpose of having the portraits altered to show whites. Whites were kept back for so long and in so a complete fashion, that there were no historical whites of merit. Whites did not have a history, and had to create one when they were finally emancipated in 1848. So the altering of the Old Master portraits served many purposes. The Black oppressor was cut out of history, he did not exist anymore, his brown and black faces were not looking at whites everywhere they went. There was no occasion for a back sliding by the brown and black Europeans laying claim on past positions by pointing to the brown and black portraits. Interestingly much religious imagery was destroyed, along with symbols and heraldry of the nobility. Black Madonna’s were destroyed during the French Revolution and today we are left with a copy.

 

Still it was the bourgeoisie in control, as the brown and black bourgeoisie philosophers and scientist were developing ideas to free themselves and the rest of society. Realising that nobody is free if some are un-free. One useful remark in the many unsatisfying books about the French Revolution is that the bourgeoisie stole the French Revolution. So the bourgeoisie was part of the second estate and made an alliance with the third estate to topple the hated nobility. From my study of Jane Austen I concluded that the bourgeoisie or gentry or Regenten caste were equally brown and white as the nobility, but the nobility looked down on them. According to Austen they lacked true elegance, and good manners, and they were in trade. She talks in regard to Mr. Elton as a merit that he did not have any ‘low connections’ perhaps meaning he was not mixed of blood with whites. In her books whites are the lower orders, and although she allows them to have some merits and respectability, they are beneath the notice of the superior people. Mister Knightly considers ladies and gentlemen surrounded by their servants as ‘natural.’ The whites were the servants and being served by them confirmed that the brown and black elite was superior. Emma (1816) can be studied as non-fiction in regard to the morals, the mores of the pre-revolutionary period, as Austen lays out her vision for a post revolutionary Britain. She remained conservative, regarding her brown and black complexioned casts as superior over whites and non-noble Blacks. She was critical against blacks receiving praise for birth and not for personal merit. She saw herself and members of the gentry who applied themselves, who took care of the land, who took care of their tenants instead of dissipating their fortunes, as the new and ideal elite. Isabelle de Charrière expresses similar sentiments to her cousin, saying they should become a aristocracy of merit instead of just status. Austens hero Mr. Darcy was such a type of good master, and the Knightley brothers discussing the care of their lands were Austen ideals. The same as Mr. Of Sense and Sensibility who wanted to apply his talents, and forfeited his inheritance.

 

Another important part of the blue blood research was to find a way to present and market this theory, this reconstruction of the past, using the scientific method throughout. I looked mostly for an audience on the many discussion forums, where I was almost always banned. But it always was after much insults and wilful, almost perverse misunderstanding. But at least I got to understand how whites think, what they know of their own history. Today I can say they do not know their history, and most astoundingly, they are trained to resist the truth. If whites knew their revolutionary history, they would surely take a different look at their supposed freedom, and about the more recent economical upheavals and the loss of freedom due to security and the so-called terrorist thread. The elite has eliminated elements from history that could lead to understanding of the causes of the French Revolution. The white revolutionary leaders took care not to let the emancipated know and experience true freedom too far beyond what they were used to.
=========================================================================

http://books.google.nl/books/about/Black_Athena_Revisited.html?id=AClFWV6PE8wC&redir_esc=y

"

Black Athena Revisited


Mary R. Lefkowitz, Guy MacLean Rogers, UNC Press Books, 1996 - 522 pagina's

Was Western civilization founded by ancient Egyptians and Phoenicians?

Can the ancient Egyptians usefully be called black?

Did the ancient Greeks borrow religion, science, and philosophy from the Egyptians and Phoenicians?

Have scholars ignored the Afroasiatic roots of Western civilization as a result of racism and anti-Semitism?

In this collection of twenty essays, leading scholars in a broad range of disciplines confront the claims made by Martin Bernal in Black Athena: The Afroasiatic Roots of Classical Civilization. In that work, Bernal proposed a radical reinterpretation of the roots of classical civilization, contending that ancient Greek culture derived from Egypt and Phoenicia and that European scholars have been biased against the notion of Egyptian and Phoenician influence on Western civilization. The contributors to this volume argue that Bernal's claims are exaggerated and in many cases unjustified.

Topics covered include race and physical anthropology; the question of an Egyptian invasion of Greece; the origins of Greek language, philosophy, and science; and racism and anti-Semitism in classical scholarship. In the conclusion to the volume, the editors propose an entirely new scholarly framework for understanding the relationship between the cultures of the ancient Near East and Greece and the origins of Western civilization. "

================================

This thread, this new book of mine: 'The Whitening of European civilizations' was begun before I (re) read Black Athena by Mike Bernal. His books are too complicated for me, and ‘m not really motivated to read about all those revisionist theories by the racist researchers who hate Black people, that he talks about. After reading Black Athena Revisited all these theries and assesments of persons seems so extremely speculative. They all, Bernal included, built whole theoretical edifices on top of shaky theories, by these fickle and politically motivated scientists, and who never agree on one thing. So we need to search for other ways to reconstruct, to explain what happened. I notice Bernal comes very near my blue blood theory findings that Greece was whitened in the 1840’s, as he wrote. I have the year 1848 when whites were finally emancipated, accepted as humans, and changed the face of history by over painting all old master portraits with beige and pink. So there was no back sliding, with the brown and black elite, the hated Ancien Regime, claiming power and rights.

With a new political elite came a new sense of aesthetics. Rembrandt was chosen as the figurehead, and all old master portraits and genere peices were 'restored' to show whites. Whites gave themselves a history. And they did not want a history which showed them as barbarians and serfs, and immigrants in Europe. They elevated themselves into the nobility of Greece and the rest of Europe since the Modern Age. This little bit of information goes missing in this debate, so the case is not settled. We need to address the fake over paints, if we want to make any progress.

The brown and black Europeans were painted out of history 165 years ago, as a claim was made that the paint had ‘darkened.’ Personal descriptions however tell us that the old elite of Europe, was brown and black of complexion, and we have ample proof they were depicted  in this way. So saying first that the figures looked dark is a verification of the fact that they were dark, as the personal descriptions in biographies say they were dark. Photographs of such darkened portraits show normal dark-skinned people. Next the engravings drawn from these freshly produced portraits show these dark complexions. So if the paintings did not darken overnight, then the painters apparently intended to paint a black person. One can still see the brown layers underneath the beige layers, and see how facial hair was painted on top of the fake layers. Some show classical African facial traits, and frizzled hair, that spell Black. The dispute is not: were they over painted? They were. But did the paint darkened? Some of these persons show strong classical African facial traits, which as we know frequently go together with brown and black skin.

As long as my findings are not addressed, there cannot be a useful and fundamental debate about what really happened in 1848 when the Greek and Roman civilizations were whitened by European scholars. Perhaps the bourgeoisie in their zeal to topple the nobility, already started making efforts to show whites on top as soon as 1790, and started revising the Classical model, to substitute this with the Aryan model. To placate whites who did not want to be seen as the barbarians, and shoe leather and canaille of history. Today whites do not want to be reminded of the fact they were lowly serfs to black and brown complexioned European masters, who wore shoes made of their white skins. Yet they take great pleasure in telling Blacks they were slaves.

Black Athena spawned many debates and books like this one by Mary Lefkowitz that helps the popular public to understand what the fight is all about, and why Bernal is such an evil person. He is evil because he champions research done by Blacks like Sheik Anta Diop. He actually accepts Black researchers as his peers. Science is explained in essays, in detail without jargon, and we even get a whole detailed expose why they need to measure up people’s heads. To dispel fears of racist motifs, they have Frank Snowden, who shows himself disdainful of Afrocentrics. He obviously needs to make clear to his pay masters that he is not one of that evil breed. Afrocentrists are acknowledged, are named, and even some explaining of their hated doctrines is made. So this book is not such an evil thing in itself, if understood in the context I give here.

But what these immensely learned and clever people, black or white, are missing, is that indeed the Egyptians and Greeks were not all Blacks, they were not all classical African in looks. But the elite (2-3% of the French during the French Revolution) often was classical African in looks and they self-identified as Black. They were considering the type we call Moor, a classical African, and a heraldic symbol: as pure of blood. They acknowledge to derive their face type from this African Type. So they self-identified as Black. And Herodotus claims that some Egyptian dynasties were Blacks. There we have it. Many Greeks from the elite were described as black, and from portraits we know some also had classical African facial traits we call Black today. So yes, the Greeks were not Blacks, but their elite who civilized them: self-identified as Black and often had classical African facial traits, we call Black.

Alexander de Great was seen as ‘swarthy’ (zwart, schwartze) by Apelles and drawn like that too. The classical Blacks in mythology function in the same way as heraldic Moors in Renaissance art, to show that all the persons in the story are elite members, and Black identified and Black derived. There was no need to identify or describe all the persons as brown or black of complexion. That was a given with the Greek public. This should also take care of the question if Cleopatra was Black. She was not white, even if all her ancestors were Macedonian, because a Macedonian could be brown or Black. And most likely is that the Greek/Macedonian elite was brown and black, being the first Europeans, from the soil, coming from Africa. Long before the whites came, who were considered barbarians, savages, common people, and subsequently enslaved. Cleopatra could never have been a Queen of Egypt if she was a white person. If she was a descendent of the whites who came from Central Asia, and considered barbarians by brown and black Europeans and African'; she could never have been their Queen.

http://books.google.nl/books/about/Black_Athena_Revisited.html?id=AClFWV6PE8wC&redir_esc=y

In this book one can also read all the strange, primitive arguments that are used till the present day by whites to deny that there were Blacks in Europe. Lefkowitz talks about Cleopatra, ridiculously equating her Macedonianness with whiteness. And she says that Socrates might be flat nosed, but need not be Black. Because no one remarked on his blackness. And if he was Black, his parents would have been immigrants. But as he was a Greek citizen, he could not have been an immigrant, so he could not have been Black. End of discussion. There is a Herculaneum wall painting showing him as black skinned too. Like the one by Apelles of Alexander the Great showing him as black.

Encouraging to me are all the testimonies that the Greeks were color blind. Their problem with foreigners was that they were simply foreigners. Looks and complexion played no part. Its like when we discover that Alessandro de Medici’s enemies never commented on his blackness, but on his being the natural son of a peasant woman from Colle Vecchio. If blackness was so much hated and loathed as the writers of Black Africans in Renaissance Europe (2005) claim they were, why did Alessandro’s enemies not jump on that terrible fact of his blackness? Why did Emperor Charles V Habsburg ennobled Alessandro, and why was he elevated by the pope to the position of Duke of Florence? Why would they put the son of a Black woman, who was also a slave, as the noble head of Florence. How could the Florence elite, noble or bourgeoisie and supposedly lily white, stand for such an abomination? Rational people will always come up with a rational answer.




[ The French Philosophers of the Enlightenment were brown and black bourgeoisie elite members. Yet they invented human races, and invented racism as a liberation ideology: to free Europe from noble domination.]


http://imgc.allpostersimages.com/i...s-at-supper-circa-1750.jpg


[ The French Philosophers of the Enlightenment were brown and black bourgeoisie elite members. Yet they invented human races, and invented racism as a liberation ideology: to free Europe from noble domination.]
http://imgc.allpostersimages.com/i...s-at-supper-circa-1750.jpg

 

=========================================================================

Odd enough, some members of the European elite were into skin bleaching.
They however never dreamed of marrying a white person.
This to me is another clue that the elite was not white of complexion.
In 'Persuasion' Jane Austen tackles this skin bleaching as 'silly.'
She also mentions 'roughing' which was painting the face white.
And she names Gowland Lotion (1760), a real life, popular bleaching aid.
The face paint was laced with lead white, that was also a bleaching agent.
If they used chrome white, the cream was like our today Botox,
As it paralyzed the facial muscles to eliminate aging lines.
 
 
 

Gowland Lotion (1760): in "Persuasion "by Jane Austen chapter 16

 
Another clue that the European elite was not white, is their use of skin bleach, and whiteneing make-up that was also a bleach. Jane Austen (1775-1817) was an activist against the lost of power by the brown and black elite, and her novels present a lot of policies, practical facts, views and mores of her era, in regard to the position of the brown and black complexioned aristocracy and gentry. Emma (1816) reads like non-fiction and presents her vision of a post revolutionary Btittain. She still favored Black Supremacy, but modified to accept the brown and black gentry as equal to the aristocracy,  against the whites taking over. Yet in the end it was the bougeoisie that caused the downfall of the nobility, as the nobility kept discriminating against the bourgeoisie or gentry. Emma Woodhouse wanting to have black Mr. Elton and white Miss Harriet Smith married, shows the disdain of the nobility for the Blacks who were the bourgeoisie, putting them on the same level as whites who were serfs and villians.
 
download:  
"
















It was a reference to the future, which anne, after a little observation, felt she must submit to.
Sir walter seems surprised by Anne’s look,
‘less thin in her person, her cheeks; her skin, her complexion, greatly improved—clearer, fresher. had she been using anything in particular! ‘no, nothing at all.’ ‘ha! he was surprised by that . . . you cannot be better than well.’
interesting how what seems as a question ends in exclamation. and the quotations here, which are not separated by paragraph breaks according to the speaker, inhabit a kind of middle zone between what was said and who is speaking. further, the position of the narrator becomes unclear.
but, can you be better than well? remember that the early discussions of the looks of mrs clay focused on her plainness . . . a plainness compounded by freckles. in sir walter’s view, her looks have greatly improved due to a manufactured influence:
I should recommend Gowland, the constant use of Gowland, during the spring months. Mrs Clay has been using it at my recommendation, and see what it has done for her. You see how it has carried away her freckles?"
according to the ninth footnote in persuasion,
Gowland’s lotion was evidently an established treatment by then, since Chapman quotes an advertisement in the Bath Chronicle of the period for ‘Mrs Vincent’s Gowland lotion’.
 






 
Goethe
 
=================================================================
 

http://www.clockexhibition.nl/images/Huygens_2.jpg

[img]http://www.clockexhibition.nl/images/Huygens_2.jpg[/img]

 

Christiaan Huygens is depicted in many ways,

this engraving shows the strongest classical African facial traits and dark skin,

you can check the whitened Rembrandt portrait of his uncle Maurits Huygens,

looking like a raging mulatto.

and drawings or engravings of his father Constantijn,

who showed dark of skin.

His grandma also looks a bit classical African on a Van Mierevelt.

Rogers was complaining that his criticaster never looked in at his sources,

and often did not even read his books, that  they denounced.

I'm finding I have the same problem,

while we today have internet, so anything can be found,

read and assessed.

Rogers had to pay co-workers to be able to loan books from the library,

because as a Black man he could not enter the library.

Like me he based his research mostly on white writers,

but while I came to read between the lines,

casting things in an alternative light,

he often went along with the lies and the revisionism.

As he was not out to deceive, he imagined others would not want to deceive either.

But he was wrong, the hatred of Blacks acts as a blinding force,

and forces white scientist to falsify history, pervert their own findings,

to make whites into a civilizing force, while they were just immigrants,

barbarians and lowly serfs, used as shoe leather by Blacks.

 ======================
 
 
I recently bought Sex and Race (1941)
by JA Rogers, three volumes.(euro 95)
I extensively used it for my first book in 2004,
on the brown and black skinned European elite.
Because of this my first book is now dated and somewhat misguided.
The illustration are great and I brought brown and black Dutch nobles out of the racist closet.
If twenty scientist say the same thing, one is bound to accept this as a fact,
yet only now I understand how far the revision after 1848 went and why they did this.
To alter the portraits was a masterstroke but is also the weakness of the revisionism
The physical evidence is still here, it should have been destroyed.
But we would still have the personal descriptions,
the engravings and the novel personages who are brown and black.
Rogers wrote extensively about Blacks in the Greek/Roman world but like
Snowden he saw them as immigrants and as a 'strain': but not at the center  of things.
Europeans are equated with 'whites.' Blacks are somehow imbued with slave DNA.
He named the nicknames of emperors as 'niger' or 'afer.'
Yet because he is blinded by the whitened images, he cannot see the whole.
Who could suspect the color of an whole elite to have been changed?
How did a Black man became emperor in Greece if it was dominated by white Europeans?
And did he not have a family, and how did they came to be in this position,
and what happened to the family?
So my research is not about Black DNA among the Greeks, whatever this is,
But Europeans who came from Africa, became an elite over  the European latecomers,
and never mixing with them as the brown and black color stood for nobility and superiority.
The brown and black Europeans were the Greek and Roman noble elite, and some had
classical African facial traits, which we sometimes find in images,
but they could also have been omitted for some strange reason,
as everybody could understand that the emperor or a noble or a writer
could only be part of the brown and black complexioned elite.
So I’m back to Rogers, he offers sources and details that can be worked,
although he did not see what he had by way of evidence.
There are glimpses and his despair over some sources is obvious,
But he was not Egmond Codfried, and he did not live my life,
and his aim was really showing that white and black mixing was universal,
and did not cause civilizations falling apart or something the Nazis were claiming.
==========================
 
The Greek/Roman civilization
was run by brown and black skinned people.
Looking just like Henrietta Lacks, kin.
As you seem to be some senior power here,
it is the likes of you who foster obscurantism.
I'm offering scientific research, evidence, sources,
images, description to determine if the paint had darkened,
or if the artist like Apelles saw Alexander the Great
as swarthy, zwart, black of skin.
 
===========================
 

                                                                                      ON PROGNATHISM
















 
THE INVENTION OF HUMAN RACES, A HIERARCHY AND RACISM WAS TO FEREE EUROPE FROM THE BROWN AND BLACK COMPLEXIONED NOBILITY THAT SELF-IDENTIFIED AS BLACK WITH HERALDIC MOORS, SYMBOLIC CLASSICAL AFRICANS. HUMAN RACES ARE AN UN-SCIENTIFIC COCEPT OUTSIDE THE USA, SINCE WWII. HERE SOME IMAGES OF PROGNATHISM, ALSO SEEN ON WHITES, AND TO SHOW THERE IS NOT MUCH DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WHITES AND BLACKS, ITS A CONTINUES FENOTYPE.
 
 
The Irish were compared to Blacks in looks and were not regarded as whites in the USA.

 
The Sphinx showes subnasal prognathism. The classical Egyptian elite identified as Black.

 
Blacks were branded as just a step above apes, because apes were degenerated humans, because of being morally evil, as the nobility was perceived (1760). Racism was a liberation ideology, aimed against the nobility that self-identified as Black. They used the little Heraldic Moors to identify as Black and superior so this symbolism was used against them.


 
Ramses II. Astonishingly untill recently this poor man was declared to be white and his whitened hair described as blond, to disproof that Egypts was a Black Civilization.

 
A prognastic Egyptian

 
A person like this used to be described as African Caucasian, thus white.
Yet on arrival in the US would not be treated as white.
This was invented to claim the Egyptian civilization as white.
And the black complexioned Europeans, the elite, as whites.
Race is a social construct, and the brown and black complexioned bourgeoisie sided with the whites, and called themselves black Caucasians. So when people say 'there were no blacks' they refer to this slight of hand, to isolate the nobility, and make an alliance between bourgeoisie and whites to topple the nobility.

 
This was supposed to represent a white person, as it did not show prognathism, so classical Egypt was declared white. The prognasthic images were not shown.

 
Charles V habsburg, gewit. Met prognathisme

 
Amy Whinehouse

 
Gewit portret van Spaanse koning, met natuurlijk prognathisme,
gepresenteerd als een ziekete door inteelt. Alles om zwartheid weg te verklaren.
Subnasal prognathis was decalred a disease caused by inbreeding to explain blackness away.
Black skin and prognathism are often seen together.
A whitened portrait of a Spanish King.


 
Witte persoon met klassieke Afrikaanse trekken.
White person with classical African facial traits.
Not to be confused with the looks of the European elite who had brown andd black skin.

 
Cosimo II de Medici

 
Charles V op een munt: zijn mummie is zwart en erg prognastisch.

 
Charles V Habsburg, gewit: wat een monster.

 
Charles V Habsburg, gewit.

 
Charles V Habsburg door Jan Mostaert, of Afrikaanse man door Jan Mostaert: vergelijk met de miniatuur van Dorothea van Denemarken, Filips II en Ferdinand van Aragon.
 


                                                                       Dorothea of Denmark, whitened.

 
Dorthe as a child, whitened

 
Dorothea of Denmark, Electrise Palantine, niece of Charles V Habsburg: looks classical African and dark skinned.
 

 
Borstbeeld van zilver en gebakken klei van Filips II Habsburg, de zoon van Charles V Habsburg.
Zeer sterke klassieke Afrikaanse trekken, de huid lichter gemaakt.

 
Leopold I Habsburg, Keizer van het Heilige Roomse Rijk.
'A short, hale black man' volgens Swinborne, opgenomen in Rogers (1941)

 
Ferdinand van Aragon en Isabelle van Castilië, gewitte portretten. Hun kleinzoon Charles erfde de dikke lippen blijkbaar van Ferdinand.

 
Mick Jagger

 
Duquesa de Alba

 
Lord Protector
 
 

 
Zelf-portret Rembrandt. Gewit portret, toont klassieke Afrikaanse gelaatstrekken en kroes haar.

 
Metje Bllak, prostitutie spoke-woman

 
Esther Canadas

 
Zeger Baron van Boetzelaer: bevestigde in een email dat hij 'diklippig,'was,
maar vanwege een 'terugval.'

 
Ursila Cunera Barones van Boetzelaer, moeder van de baron

 
Esther Canadas
 
========================================================
 

POMPEJI EROTICA

 
 












 
The Roman elites was brown and black of complexion.
the whitenes of the women (prostitutes?) symbolized whiteness, beauty or slavedom.
Greek nobles were forbidden to marry plebeian women by law, but could have sexual relations and children with them. In classical Greek literature the mixing of white and blacks was only discussed in cases of obvious adultery, when a white woman delivered a mixed, black child.
 
 
==========================================
 



The whitening of Belle van Zuylen who wrote: she does not have the white hands. Her grandma was Maria Jacoba van Goor, who looks classical African on a sole H.Serin painting. All portraits were whitened. Even drawings. Did the crayon also darkened?

=======================================================================

WHITES WILL NOT ACCEPT THAT THEY ARE NOT NATIVE TO EUROPE, AND WERE RULED BY THE BROWN AND BLACK EUROPEANS WHO CAME FIRST, AND IDENTIFIED AS AFRICAN-EUROPEANS. THIS FACT ALONE INFORMS US THAT THE GREEK AND ROMAN CIVILIZATIONS WERE BLACK IDENTIFIED, AS WAS THE MODERN AGE CIVILIZATION STARTING WITH THE RENAISSANCE.



 
blue blood
Unmoderated Member
Avatar

Usergroup: Unmoderated Member
Joined: Jan 16, 2013

Total Topics: 14
Total Posts: 31
#21 - Quote - Permalink
Posted 08/25/13 - 4:34 AM:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Athena

Bernal wrote about Greece as a Black civilization in Black Athena and alleges
that Greece was whitened in the 18th century. He was right, but I need to find out
if he wrote why this happened, and why beginning in the 18th century.
I assume he did not discover that the European Renaissance and Modern Era
were under Black domination, and these Blacks were the first Europeans.
They were not immigants or slaves as Snowden, or Rogers or all white scientists alledge.
The key is really the false, whitening of portraits in 1848,
by the newly emancipated white serfs, who created an instant history for themselves.
Its so strange, so fanatical, so evil a step, that nobody could have guessed it.
I had collected the black and white portraits of the same person,
and I assumed over painting, but Alison McQueen, The Rise of the Cult of
Rembrandt in 19th century France, 2003, clinched the deal to me.
She provided me with the ideological and historical reasons why they needed
to whiten the faces of the ancien regime. Although McQueen never mentions
that a main part of this cult entailed over painting of old masters
that were suppossed to have darkened.
I will contact mister Bernal today.

Europe was civilized by a brown and black complexioned elite (1100-1848). Everything said about human races is to hide this fact. To end this nonsense of white supremacy, all old master portraits in all museums need to be scrubbed clean of the fake, beige over paint applied after 1848, when whites were finally accepted as equal humans, and no shoe leather anymore. Some have remarked there are no Black writers, scientists, inventors etc. because after 1848 their portraits were over painted with beige and pink. They were whitened. Bluebloodisblackblood.blogspot.com
blue blood
Unmoderated Member
Avatar

Usergroup: Unmoderated Member
Joined: Jan 16, 2013

Total Topics: 14
Total Posts: 31
#22 - Quote - Permalink
Posted 08/25/13 - 4:35 AM:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Athena

Bernal wrote about Greece as a Black civilization in Black Athena and alleges
that Greece was whitened in the 18th century. He was right, but I need to find out
if he wrote why this happened, and why beginning in the 18th century.
I assume he did not discover that the European Renaissance and Modern Era
were under Black domination, and these Blacks were the first Europeans.
They were not immigants or slaves as Snowden, or Rogers or all white scientists alledge.
The key is really the false, whitening of portraits in 1848,
by the newly emancipated white serfs, who created an instant history for themselves.
Its so strange, so fanatical, so evil a step, that nobody could have guessed it.
I had collected the black and white portraits of the same person,
and I assumed over painting, but Alison McQueen, The Rise of the Cult of
Rembrandt in 19th century France, 2003, clinched the deal to me.
She provided me with the ideological and historical reasons why they needed
to whiten the faces of the ancien regime. Although McQueen never mentions
that a main part of this cult entailed over painting of old masters
that were suppossed to have darkened.
I will contact mister Bernal today.

http://www.myweku.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/Black-Athena.jpg



Europe was civilized by a brown and black complexioned elite (1100-1848). Everything said about human races is to hide this fact. To end this nonsense of white supremacy, all old master portraits in all museums need to be scrubbed clean of the fake, beige over paint applied after 1848, when whites were finally accepted as equal humans, and no shoe leather anymore. Some have remarked there are no Black writers, scientists, inventors etc. because after 1848 their portraits were over painted with beige and pink. They were whitened. Bluebloodisblackblood.blogspot.com
blue blood
Unmoderated Member
Avatar

Usergroup: Unmoderated Member
Joined: Jan 16, 2013

Total Topics: 14
Total Posts: 31
#23 - Quote - Permalink
Posted 08/25/13 - 4:38 AM:

http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/23/...holar-dies-at-76.html?_r=0

He died this year.

Europe was civilized by a brown and black complexioned elite (1100-1848). Everything said about human races is to hide this fact. To end this nonsense of white supremacy, all old master portraits in all museums need to be scrubbed clean of the fake, beige over paint applied after 1848, when whites were finally accepted as equal humans, and no shoe leather anymore. Some have remarked there are no Black writers, scientists, inventors etc. because after 1848 their portraits were over painted with beige and pink. They were whitened. Bluebloodisblackblood.blogspot.com
blue blood
Unmoderated Member
Avatar

Usergroup: Unmoderated Member
Joined: Jan 16, 2013

Total Topics: 14
Total Posts: 31
#24 - Quote - Permalink
Posted 08/25/13 - 4:50 AM:




[quote]
His thesis was this: For centuries, European historians of classical Greece had hewed closely to the origin story suggested by Plato, Herodotus and Aeschylus, whose writings acknowledged the Greek debt to Egyptian and Semitic (or Phoenician) forebears.

But in the 19th century, he asserted, with the rise of new strains of racism and anti-Semitism along with nationalism and colonialism in Europe, historians expunged Egyptians and Phoenicians from the story. The precursors of Greek, and thus European, culture were seen instead as white Indo-European invaders from the north.

In the first volume of “Black Athena,” which carried the forbidding double subtitle “The Afroasiatic Roots of Classical Civilization: The Fabrication of Ancient Greece — 1785-1985,” Mr. Bernal described his trek through the fields of classical Greek literature, mythology, archaeology, linguistics, sociology, the history of ideas and ancient Hebrew texts to formulate his theory of history gone awry (though he did not claim expertise in all these subjects).

The scholarly purpose of his work, he wrote in the introduction, was “to open up new areas of research to women and men with far better qualifications than I have,” adding, “The political purpose of ‘Black Athena,’ is, of course, to lessen European cultural arrogance.”

He published “Black Athena 2: The Archaeological and Documentary Evidence” in 1991, and followed it in 2006 with “Black Athena 3: The Linguistic Evidence.”

Another book, “Black Athena Writes Back,” published in 2001, was a response to his critics, who were alarmed enough by Mr. Bernal’s work to publish a collection of rebuttals in 1996, “Black Athena Revisited.”

One critic derided Mr. Bernal’s thesis as evidence of “a whirling confusion of half-digested reading.” Some were more conciliatory. J. Ray, a British Egyptologist, wrote, “It may not be possible to agree with Mr. Bernal, but one is the poorer for not having spent time in his company.”

Stanley Burstein, a professor emeritus of ancient Greek history at California State University, Los Angeles, said Mr. Bernal’s historiography — his history of history-writing on ancient Greece — was flawed but valuable. “Nobody had to be told that Greece was deeply influenced by Egypt and the Phoenicians, or that 19th-century history included a lot of racial prejudice,” he said in a phone interview Tuesday. “But then, nobody had put it all together that way before.”

The specific evidence cited in his books was often doubtful, Professor Burstein added, but “he succeeded in putting the question of the origins of Greek civilization back on the table.”
[\quote]

I earlier noted that even university professors with new findings like Martin Bernal,
and Ivan van Sertima about the Olmecs were answered by their peers in such ignorant,
rude, obscurantists terms. How their findings were twisted to ridicule.
So presenting my findings is not a question of the scientific level, or providing many sources,
or even appealing to other scientists.
Their mind is blocked to this particular sort of information and innovation.
We need other means to get this message through.

Europe was civilized by a brown and black complexioned elite (1100-1848). Everything said about human races is to hide this fact. To end this nonsense of white supremacy, all old master portraits in all museums need to be scrubbed clean of the fake, beige over paint applied after 1848, when whites were finally accepted as equal humans, and no shoe leather anymore. Some have remarked there are no Black writers, scientists, inventors etc. because after 1848 their portraits were over painted with beige and pink. They were whitened. Bluebloodisblackblood.blogspot.com
blue blood
Unmoderated Member
Avatar

Usergroup: Unmoderated Member
Joined: Jan 16, 2013

Total Topics: 14
Total Posts: 31
#25 - Quote - Permalink
Posted 08/25/13 - 4:51 AM:


His thesis was this: For centuries, European historians of classical Greece had hewed closely to the origin story suggested by Plato, Herodotus and Aeschylus, whose writings acknowledged the Greek debt to Egyptian and Semitic (or Phoenician) forebears.

But in the 19th century, he asserted, with the rise of new strains of racism and anti-Semitism along with nationalism and colonialism in Europe, historians expunged Egyptians and Phoenicians from the story. The precursors of Greek, and thus European, culture were seen instead as white Indo-European invaders from the north.

In the first volume of “Black Athena,” which carried the forbidding double subtitle “The Afroasiatic Roots of Classical Civilization: The Fabrication of Ancient Greece — 1785-1985,” Mr. Bernal described his trek through the fields of classical Greek literature, mythology, archaeology, linguistics, sociology, the history of ideas and ancient Hebrew texts to formulate his theory of history gone awry (though he did not claim expertise in all these subjects).

The scholarly purpose of his work, he wrote in the introduction, was “to open up new areas of research to women and men with far better qualifications than I have,” adding, “The political purpose of ‘Black Athena,’ is, of course, to lessen European cultural arrogance.”

He published “Black Athena 2: The Archaeological and Documentary Evidence” in 1991, and followed it in 2006 with “Black Athena 3: The Linguistic Evidence.”

Another book, “Black Athena Writes Back,” published in 2001, was a response to his critics, who were alarmed enough by Mr. Bernal’s work to publish a collection of rebuttals in 1996, “Black Athena Revisited.”

One critic derided Mr. Bernal’s thesis as evidence of “a whirling confusion of half-digested reading.” Some were more conciliatory. J. Ray, a British Egyptologist, wrote, “It may not be possible to agree with Mr. Bernal, but one is the poorer for not having spent time in his company.”

Stanley Burstein, a professor emeritus of ancient Greek history at California State University, Los Angeles, said Mr. Bernal’s historiography — his history of history-writing on ancient Greece — was flawed but valuable. “Nobody had to be told that Greece was deeply influenced by Egypt and the Phoenicians, or that 19th-century history included a lot of racial prejudice,” he said in a phone interview Tuesday. “But then, nobody had put it all together that way before.”

The specific evidence cited in his books was often doubtful, Professor Burstein added, but “he succeeded in putting the question of the origins of Greek civilization back on the table.”



His thesis was this: For centuries, European historians of classical Greece had hewed closely to the origin story suggested by Plato, Herodotus and Aeschylus, whose writings acknowledged the Greek debt to Egyptian and Semitic (or Phoenician) forebears.

But in the 19th century, he asserted, with the rise of new strains of racism and anti-Semitism along with nationalism and colonialism in Europe, historians expunged Egyptians and Phoenicians from the story. The precursors of Greek, and thus European, culture were seen instead as white Indo-European invaders from the north.

In the first volume of “Black Athena,” which carried the forbidding double subtitle “The Afroasiatic Roots of Classical Civilization: The Fabrication of Ancient Greece — 1785-1985,” Mr. Bernal described his trek through the fields of classical Greek literature, mythology, archaeology, linguistics, sociology, the history of ideas and ancient Hebrew texts to formulate his theory of history gone awry (though he did not claim expertise in all these subjects).

The scholarly purpose of his work, he wrote in the introduction, was “to open up new areas of research to women and men with far better qualifications than I have,” adding, “The political purpose of ‘Black Athena,’ is, of course, to lessen European cultural arrogance.”

Europe was civilized by a brown and black complexioned elite (1100-1848). Everything said about human races is to hide this fact. To end this nonsense of white supremacy, all old master portraits in all museums need to be scrubbed clean of the fake, beige over paint applied after 1848, when whites were finally accepted as equal humans, and no shoe leather anymore. Some have remarked there are no Black writers, scientists, inventors etc. because after 1848 their portraits were over painted with beige and pink. They were whitened. Bluebloodisblackblood.blogspot.com

======================================================


WHITES WILL NOT ACCEPT THAT THEY ARE NOT NATIVE TO EUROPE, AND WERE RULED BY THE BROWN AND BLACK EUROPEANS WHO CAME FIRST, AND IDENTIFIED AS AFRICAN-EUROPEANS. THIS FACT ALONE INFORMS US THAT THE GREEK AND ROMAN CIVILIZATIONS WERE BLACK IDENTIFIED, AS WAS THE MODERN AGE CIVILIZATION STARTING WITH THE RENAISSANCE.





The early Greek vase with two heads is a less severe identification of the Greek elite as between white and Black, while the later European Modern Age's (1100-1848) brown and black elite symbolised their rule as Black dominating white, as seen on the renaissance Medici cameo, while the Black Moor, as King, also symbolised their Black superiority. The Moor was the purest type among them. Perhaps early Greece had a lesser number of whites, then later on when the majority of whites arrived in Europe around 400 AD. The Egyptian iconography showed hybrid figures. They wanted to show both the peoples of Upper, and Lower Egypts as one people, one nation. So the face of the Pharaoh reflected the types from both parts of Egypt. Yet is remarked by an antique Greek historian that some Egyptian dynasties were Black in looks. This is what some writers mean when they said Egypt was a Black civilization. The elite, the ruling people were Black in looks. They choose Black partners to remain Black. To identify a person as Black, one needs first to ask if he considers himself Black. If this is not possible the identity of the marriage partner, or church or social or political affilation might offer a clue. So I'm in favour of a civilization to show signs or symbols of blackness, to be able to identify such a culture or civilization as Black.



 
blue blood
Unmoderated Member
Avatar

Usergroup: Unmoderated Member
Joined: Jan 16, 2013

Total Topics: 14
Total Posts: 31
#26 - Quote - Permalink
Posted 08/27/13 - 2:45 AM:

This problem cannot be settled if the question of the falsely, whitened portraits in 1848 is not acknowledged.
Like with other researchers, I see them coming very close to what I have discovered, that European civilizations were founded by brown and black complexioned Europeans who self-identified as Black, but they are not pushing through.Why? The idea of an elite that looks different from the people they rule is not new or unheard of. Bernal finds that the classical view of Greece, which had lasted for more then 2000 years was replaced in the 1840 ies. He does not ask why, what had changed in Europe meriting such a momentous intervention. I need to get hold of the first volume of Black Athene, as he acknowledged racist professors messing with established history, but from the fall out I can tell, he did not understand that whites were emancipated and did not want an European history that showed them as barbarians, plebejers, and shoe leather. Yet it seems that the whitening of Greece started before 1848, so the change came gradually.To appease the whites, the bourgeosie went far in their rejection of blackness, they already self-identified as (black)Caucasians, causing all this confusion. People who claim: there were no Blacks, are partially right, because the Blacks were classed as Caucasians, in spite of looks. Next the proof of their looks was also adapted, and thus tampered with, by over painting all portraits with beige and pink. Some nobles have always painted and bleached themselves, so there was a precedent. The books that were published in the wake of the turmoil that Black Athena caused are most enlighting. There is even this woman who rather shamefacedly explains that the base of Greek civilization came out of the North Levant, meaning Israel, and later on brought to Europe by Sephardian scribes who worked for the Spanish Moors. The mistery of etymology was finally explained to me, why there often is no visible connection to the earlier form of a word because consonants and vowels are changed according to a fixed pattern, and replaced by wholly different combinations of vowels and consonants. Bernal is supposed not to have known this and he goes for superficial similarities. Coming to wrong conclusions. But to me, the fear and hatred of Blacks speaks loudly. Some of these whites even do not want to acknowledge that Black researchers were overjoyed by Black Athena, because they would have to concede their are Black scientist, and they would also have to name them. I guess that's why in Black Athena Revisited the token Black was Frank Snowden, not really understanding the point, but explaining that Egyptians cannot be called Blacks. Nor can the Greek elite, but they were brown and black, and acknowledged the classical African, the Black African as the purest type of their nation. Sowden, fighting for hs acceptance by whites, is hostile to afrocantric researchers. I think that the status of the brown and black complexioned Greek elite was more benignly symbolised with the symbol of Scyth and Ethiopians, back to back, while the later Modern Age Civilisation choose the cameo, with a Black King overlapping a white woman, meaning Black supremacy over whites in Europe. The Greeks apparently had to deal with less whites, than the Modern and Early Modern noble elite (1100-1848). But still had strict laws against lower ranks marrying higher ranks.
 

 
The 25th dynasty







 
Renaissance: Cleopatra

Cleopatra


 
Theda Bara as Cleopatra


 
Caracalla, Roman Emperor

 
Caracalla


 
Caracalla


 
Liz Taylor

 
Napata


 
Pan or Bes












 

 

 


Geen opmerkingen:

Een reactie posten